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Cholecalciferol acts as a hormone precursor since it requires two stages of metabolism: first to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; then to 1α, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. One unit (U.S.P. or international) is defined as the activity of 0.025 μg of vitamin D3 contained in the USP vitamin D reference standard.

Cholecalciferol is sourced either through the diet or exposing skin to ultraviolet rays. Oral administration of vitamin D₃ is readily absorbed and is stored in adipose tissue.

Deficiency of vitamin D is often observed in chronic kidney disease.

Vitamin D acts through a receptor that is a member of the ligand-dependent transcription factor superfamily. Modulates the proliferation and differentiation of both normal and cancer cells. Has antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects on breast, colon, and prostate cancer cells. Activated vitamin D receptors in intestine and bone maintain calcium absorbance and homeostasis.

Synonym: (R)-(+)-N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-β-alanine hemicalcium salt, D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt, Calcium D-pantothenate, Vitamin B_5.
Avilable Packing sizes:1 kg / 5 kg / 10 kg / 25 kg. 

D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt, also referred as calcium D-pantothenate, is a water soluble B complex vitamin. It is present in a variety of foods.

D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt has been used as a supplement in complete media to culture Aspergillus-nidulans.

Precursor in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A.

D-Panthenol is the alcohol analog and biological precursor of D-pantothenic acid. These analogs are precursors in the biosynthesis of the phosphopantetheine moiety of coenzyme A.^[1] D-Panthenol and D-Pantothenic acid are used in a variety of skin protection products. D-pantothenic acid may have a role in controlling keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. D-Panthenol may be used for studies of skin protection emulsions from UV irradiation and as a humectant. D-pantothenic acid is crucial for normal epithelial function. It facilitates wound healing process.

Due to the unstable, hygroscopic nature of the free acid, the calcium salt is employed.

Linear Formula:HOCH2C(CH3)2CH(OH)CONHCH2CH2CO2 . 1/2Ca

• as a component of the MS vitamins stock solution
• for the detection of siderophores in Escherichia coli bacterial culture
• as a component of the holidic medium for adult Drosophila.

Synonym: L-Threoascorbic acid, Antiscorbutic factor, Vitamin C (CAS Number: 50-81-7)

L-Ascorbic acid or vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foodstuffs. Benefits of vitamin C may include protection against immune system deficiencies, cardiovascular disease, hyperpigmentation, skin protection, anti-aging, iron absorption, and red blood cell production. It is also useful in the biosynthesis of collagen, L-carnitine, and neurotransmitters.

L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) can be used as a reducing as well as a capping agent in the synthesis of well-dispersed metal nanoparticles and also in the reduction of graphene oxide sheets.

Packaging Sizes Available are:1 kg / 5 kg / 10 kg / 25 kg

Synonym: α-(5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazolyl)cyanocobamide, CN-Cbl, Cyanocob(III)alamin, Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 has been used:
• as a constituent in vitamin mix solution in in vitro gut simulator
• as a standard in size exclusion inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (SEC-ICP-MS)
• as a constituent of simulated plasma protein mixture for Raman spectra analysis
• in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis
• as a medium supplement in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM)

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) refers to a group of chemically-related cobalt containing molecules involved in cell processes such as DNA synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, energy production and regulation. The physiologically active forms of vitamin B12 include methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, whereas hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a, OHCbl) and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) are storage and delivery forms. Bacteria-derived hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) and CNCbl are converted in humans to useful coenzyme forms to support metabolic processes such as mitochondrial methylmalonylcoenzyme A mutase conversion of methylmalonic acid (MMA) to succinate to link lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and activation of methionine synthase, the rate limiting step in the synthesis of methionine.

Packaging Sizes Available are:25 gm / 100 gm / 500 gm / 1 kg / 5 kg

6-O-Palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid is a lipid soluble ester of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid 6-palmitate is a lipophilic derivative of ascorbic acid.

6-O-Palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid has been used to study the effects of dietary supplement inSolea senegalensislarvae.

6-O-Palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid possesses metastasis inhibitory and anti-tumor activity. Ascorbyl palmitate exhibits antioxidant activity by protecting the cell membranes from oxidative damage.

Synonym: Aneurine hydrochloride, Vitamin B₁ hydrochloride

Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin-B complex. Structurally, it possesses a five-membered thiazolium ring and a six-membered amino-pyrimidine ring connected by a methyl group. Thiamine is naturally available in fruits, vegetables, poultry, eggs.
Thiamine hydrochloride is a water-soluble vitamin generally used as a nutrient supplement. When it undergoes heat-degradation, it may form volatile flavor compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, 2-methylthiopehene, 2-methylfuran, and 4,5-dihydro-2-methylthiophene.

Thiamine hydrochloride has been used as a vitamin supplement to the holidic medium and in bacterial growth medium.
Thiamine hydrochloride may be used as an analytical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric methods.

Thiamine is an essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiency of thiamine causes beriberi, a neurological and cardiovascular disease. Thiamine is administered in case of deficiency, either due to reduced intake or synthesis. Congenital defect in the thiamine transporter gene SLC19A2 causes thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA). Thiamine mimics acetylcholine in brain and possible exerts a role in Alzheimer′s disease. Thiamine deficiency in ruminants causes polioencephalomalacia.

Synonym: D-Biotin, Bios II, Coenzyme R, Vitamin B7, Vitamin H

Biotin is readily available in several foods, like whole grains, nuts, legumes, unpolished rice and egg yolk. The normal gut flora also produces this vitamin.
Biotin is also called as B complex vitamin. It is a bicyclic compound, which has a molecular weight of 244.31 Da. Biotin serves as an important cofactor for mammalian carboxylases. It is found within the cells in free and bound pools.

Biotin has been used for testing the functionality of the Avidin-displaying phages. The product has also been used for labeling the swine anti-rabbit IgG antibody and peroxidase.

Biotin acts as an important cofactor for carboxylase enzymes in various metabolic pathways. Biotin favors keratin synthesis and hence is used as a supplement for hair and nail growth. Deficiency of biotin shows several symptoms such as alopecia, conjunctivitis, seborrheic dermatitis, depression, lethargy, hypotonia and seizures.

Biotin also referred to as vitamin H or vitamin B7 is a water-soluble B-vitamin that induces two to three fold increase in guanylate cyclase activity in rat liver, kidney, colon, cerebellum, and heart. It also stimulates the sperm motility and prolongs the survival of cryopreserved human spermatozoa.

Synonym: Adermine hydrochloride, PN HCl, Pyridoxine HCl, Pyridoxol hydrochloride, Vitamin B₆ hydrochloride

Vitamin B group is water-soluble and exists in six forms namely the pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate, pyridoxine 5′-phosphate and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. The food sources of vitamin B₆ include grains, nuts, fruits, vegetables and meat.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride has been used to test its neuroprotective functionality in traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats. It has also been used as a reference standard to quantify vitamin B₆ in feed and digesta samples using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).

Pyridoxine plays a key role in metabolism both carbohydrates and amino acids. It supports brain development and its deficiency levels may lead to depletion of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. Pyridoxine catalyzes the neurotransmitter biosynthesis like dopamine and serotonin. Pyridoxine in excess or deficient may lead to neuropathy.

Synonym: Lactoflavin, Vitamin B₂, Vitamin G

Packing size:1 kg / 5 kg / 10 kg / 25 kg

Riboflavin is an essential vitamin soluble in water. Milk and eggs are found to be its major sources. Riboflavin is usually bound to enzymes in all tissues. During riboflavin localization in plasma, it is bound to albumin and specific immunoglobulins.
Riboflavin belongs to the vitamin-B family and contains a pentose side chain ribitol.

(-)-Riboflavin has been used to study its antimicrobial effect in vitro, through ultraviolet light A (UVA) activation. It has also been used collagen coated surface of the polyethylene membrane for cross-linking astrocytes.

Riboflavin has been used:
• to check the role of riboflavin diet in rats
• as a supplement in HECM-6 medium (hamster embryo culture medium)
• as a supplement in the bacterial basal media

Riboflavin serves as a precursor for the active enzyme cofactors riboflavin 5′-monophosphate (also called flavin mononucleotide or FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Riboflavin deficiency in the diet results in a well-defined syndrome known as ariboflavinosis, Riboflavin exhibits protective effects against tumor development and cardiovascular disease. Its deficiency often affects metabolism involving redox reactions. Riboflavin is found essential for iron absorption, gastrointestinal development, neurogenesis, corneal vascularization and corneal opacity.
Riboflavin is a key component of the redox cofactors flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) that are used by a wide variety of flavoprotein oxidoreductases, dehydrogenase(s), decarboxylase(s) and electron transporters. Riboflavin is involved in various cellular processes, including β oxidation in lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, protection from cellular oxidative injury, DNA and RNA metabolism, gluconeogenesis, erythropoiesis and generation of corticosteroids. Riboflavin deficiency causes ariboflavinosis with symptoms such as sore throat, hyperemia, edema of oral and mucous membranes, cheilosis and glossitis.

Folic Acid (CAS Number: 59-30-3)
Synonym: PteGlu, Pteroyl-L-glutamic acid, Vitamin M

Folic acid (FA)/pterylmonoglutamic acid helps to block neural tube defects (NTDs).

Folic acid has been used:
• to induce acute kidney injury in mice
• as a supplement to cultivate MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
• to construct folate or TNF-related apoptosis-including ligand (TRAIL)-conjugated nanomicelles

Folic acid has been used in a study to investigate its protective effects against the toxicity caused by valproic acid (VPA) on maternal liver tissue. It has also been used as standard for the quantification of plasma folic acid by reversed-phase HPLC.

Biochem/physiol Actions : 

Folic acid (FA) and dihydrofolic acid (FAH2) are substrates of dihydrofolate reductase(s) which reduce them to tetrahydrofolate (THF), which in turn supports ‘one carbon’ transfer. Tetrahydrofolates are required for de novo synthesis of purines, thymidylic acid and various amino acids and for post-translational methylation (epigenetics).

Synonym: PABA, Vitamin B_x, Vitamin H₁, para-Aminobenzoic acid

4-Aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) acts as an bacterial cofactor and participates in the synthesis of folic acid. It is a versatile reagent for structure extension through linear hydrogen-bonding associations, involving both the carboxylic acid and amine functional groups. Formation of 4-ABA monolayer film on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by amino cation radical method has been described. Molecular adducts of 4-ABA have been prepared and their characterization by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffration methods have been reported.

4-Aminobenzoic acid may be used in the following studies:
• Covalent modification of glassy carbon electrode.
• Synthesis of 1,4-(2-chlorobenzylidene)aminobenzoic acid (Schiff base).
• Spectrophotometric determination of the trace amounts of dopamine, methyldopa and levodopa.
• Synthesis of 1:1 proton-transfer compound with 5-sulfosalicylic acid.