Innovative

Reactant for:
Synthesis of Mannich bases for use as antibacterial agents
Synthesis of sulofenur analogs for use as antitumor agents

Purine metabolite via the uric acid pathway. Uric acid also reacts with free radicals to produce allantoin, thus allantoin may be a useful biomarker for oxidative stress.

Ethylvanillin (3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) is an artificial additive for improving taste. It chemiluminesces by reacting with potassium permanganate in sulphuric or polyphosphoric acid media.

Ethylvanillin (3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) was used as an internal standard in the determination of phenolic compounds obtained from (alkaline) CuO-based oxidation of humic acid.

Synonym: Anthraxcene, Paranaphthalene

Anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is an important moiety in supramolecular chemistry due to its size and shape and photophysical properties. Its closed-shelled Huckel aromatic structure, fluorescence property, well-resolved absorption and emission bands, high fluorescence quantum yield and nanosecond lifetime makes it an ideal organic fluorophore.
Anthracene is a low-molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). It acts as starting material for the production of anthraquinone.
Anthracene derivatives are useful in preparing stable blue-emitting organic electroluminescence devices. It is oxidized to anthracene cis-1,2-dihydrodiol by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-12. It forms bis-adducts by [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction with [5,6]-fullerene C_60.

Anthracene has been shown to be soluble in a variety of binary and ternary mixtures of cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, and methanol  .

Anthracene has been shown to be soluble in a variety of binary and ternary mixtures of cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, and methanol .
Anthracene was used to study the photodimerization reaction of anthracene in supercritical CO₂

• 4-(Dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) has been used in the serine protease inhibition assay.
• It has been used for the detection of (epi)-flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidin polymers in Brassica napus seeds.
• It has been used for the determination of phenolic compounds in leaf samples.
• It has been used for the staining of flavan-3-ols in plant samples.

Reagent for assay of indole product of apotryptophanase and tryptophanase. DMAC produces colored adducts with flavanols for subsequent HPLC. It has been used in a chromogenic method for quantifying proanthocyandines in cranberry powder.

Synonym: 4-Amino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-one, Ampyrone

4-Aminoantipyrine forms heterocyclic Schiff bases, by reaction with various aldehydes and oximes. These Schiff bases form stable complexes with transition metals.

Reagent for glucose determination in the presence of phenol and peroxidase.

Synonym: (+)-β-Camphorsulfonic acid, (1S)-(+)-Camphor-10-sulfonic acid, D-Camphor Sulphonic Acid, (+)-Camphor-10-sulfonic acid

(+)-Camphor-10-sulfonic acid may be used as a starting material to synthesize 10-iodocamphor.(±)-S-methyl-S-phenylsulfoximine can be resolved using it as a chiral resolving agent to form the (-)-form in high enantiomeric purity. Polyaniline (PAni) doped with (+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid forms electrically conductive polymer nanofibers, which are excellent ammonia gas sensors.

18-Crown-6 is the simplest crown ether that can be prepared by reacting triethylene glycol with triethylene glycol dichloride in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a base. 18-Crown-6 can solubilize metal salts, particularly potassium salts, in nonpolar and dipolar aprotic solvents. Thus, it is widely used as a phase transfer catalyst. It can also be used as a metal complexing agent to prepare a variety of molecular complexes.

18-Crown-6 may be used to catalyze the N-alkylation of heterocyclic compounds and allylation of functionalized aldehydes.

Additive for greener etherification using KF-alumina.

Additive for greener etherification using KF-alumina.
Phase-transfer catalyst used in a chemoselective reduction of fused tetrazoles with NaBH₄ and potassium hydroxide.

18-Crown-6 can be used as a catalyst for:       
•  N-alkylation of heterocyclic compounds in the presence of tert-butoxide base. 
•  Allylation of aldehydes to corresponding homoallylic alcohols using potassium allyltrifluoroborate.     
•   Preparation of N-propargylpyrrole by the reaction of pyrrole with potassium hydroxide.
•   Polymerization of methacrylic esters and hindered alkyl acrylates.
•  Chemoselective reduction of fused tetrazoles with NaBH₄ and potassium hydroxide.
18-Crown-6 can solubilize metal salts, particularly potassium salts, in nonpolar and dipolar aprotic solvents. Thus, it is widely used as a phase transfer catalyst. It can also be used as a metal complexing agent to prepare a variety of molecular complexes.

Can be useful as phase-transfer catalysts.

2,3-Butanedione monoxime has been used:
• in single-molecule myosin V motility assays
• as an anesthetic in the approach of imaging transgenic animals
• to reduce rigor tension in muscle fibres
• as a media component for mice cardiomyocytes culture

2,3-Butanedione monoxime is inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K⁺ and Ca²⁺ channels.

DRK1 is a delayed rectifier (Kv2.1) cloned K⁺ channel from rat brain with consensus sites for protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation that might be expected to be functionally regulated by phosphorylation. 2,3-Butanedione monoxime (BDM) chemically removes phosphate groups from many proteins, and its action on DRK1 channels was examined after expression of DRK1 cRNA in Xenopus oocytes. In two-microelectrode voltage-clamp experiments, the application of 2,3-Butanedione monoxime to the bath inhibited DRK1 current (ki = 16.6 mM, H = 0.96) rapidly and reversibly, with a time course similar to the time course of solution change within the bath. DRK1 current was inhibited at all potentials; the time course of current activation, deactivation and inactivation were unaffected by 2,3-Butanedione monoxime. In inside-out patch-clamp experiments, the application of 2,3-Butanedione monoxime to the cytoplasmic surface similarly inhibited channel activity rapidly and reversibly (ki = 10.7 mM, H = 1.01) in the absence of rephosphorylating substrates. These results are inconsistent with a phosphatase effect, because such an effect should be irreversible in cell-free, ATP-free patches. Instead, the results suggest that 2,3-Butanedione monoxime can inhibit DRK1 channels directly from inside or outside of the membrane.

3,3′-Diaminobenzidine can alos be used as a starting material to prepare:
• Aromatic poly(imide) networks for hydrogen storage applications.
• Various derivatives of quinoxalines by condensation with diketones.
• Mesitylene-containing poly(benzimidazolium) analogs (Mes-PBI) for alkali anion-exchange membrane.

Peroxidase substrate; reagent for spectrophotometric determination of selenium.

4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde has been used in the preparation of trans-4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene.

Forms colored condensation products (Schiff bases) with pyrroles and primary amines.

Forms colored condensation products (Schiff bases) with pyrroles and primary amines.

4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine is generally employed as a catalyst in the acylation of amines, alcohols, enolates, and phenols. It can also be used in the esterification of carboxylic acids. It is known to exhibit good catalytic activity in non-polar solvents.

4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine can be used:
• As a capping agent in the preparation of water-soluble gold nanoparticles.
• As an initiator in the polymerization of epoxy monomers.
• As an auxiliary reagent in the electroless preparation of gold nanotubes applicable in catalysis.
• As a catalyst in the preparation of γ- and δ-lactones via iodolactonization of γ,δ-unsaturated carboxylic acids.

A highly efficient catalyst for acylation reactions

3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid forms an adduct with 3,5-dimethylpyridine and the crystal structure of adduct has been studied at room temperature and 80K for both undeuterated and deuterated compounds. It forms 1:1 cocrystal with analgesic drug, ethenzamide and exists in two polymorphic forms.

3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid was used in the derivatization of resins and determination of ampicillin.

Synonym: 3,5-Dinitro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, DNS

3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid was used as a reagent for the preparation of oxazolines from amino alcohols and for the spectrophotometric determination of ampicillin. It was also used to measure the effects of silver nanoparticles on the membrane leakage of the reducing sugars

Dithizone (Diphenylthiocarbazone) may be used in the following studies:
• In the cloud point preconcentration step, before the trace level quantification of silver by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
• Preparation of hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This reagent was useful for the colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions.
• As a zinc chelating ligand for the extraction of zinc in bovine serum.

Dithizone has been used in the preparation of dithizone stain solution for pancreatic islet cells.

Indicator for metals.

Dithizone may be used for the following purposes:
• As an extracting agent for the extraction of copper in kerosene.
• Alteration of graphene oxide nano-sheet to improve its adsorption capacity.
• Preparation of magnetite nanoparticles/silicon dioxide-dithizone-palladium complex (MNPs/SiO₂-DTZ-Pd complex), which is employed as a catalyst for Suzuki type coupling reactions.
• Surface modification of mesoporous silica membranes.
• As a titrant in the quantitative determination of heavy metals.

Sodium tetraphenylborate (Ph₄BNa) undergoes rhodium-catalyzed addition reactions with N-phenylsulfonyl aldimines to afford R(Ph)CHNHSO₂Ph.

Sodium tetraphenylborate (Ph₄BNa) may be used in the synthesis of polyfunctional biaryls via modified Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. It may be employed as a derivatization reagent for the analysis of methylmercury and ethylmercury by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (AES) and mass spectrometry (MS).

Reagent for the precipitation and titration of potassium; For the amperometric titration of amines, quaternary ammonium compounds and potassium; For the titration of quaternary ammonium surfactants; Titrant for amines and NH₄Cl in the presence of a K selective electrode.

Gallic acid monohydrate is a phenolic acid. A study of its crystalline structure reveals that it is planar with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds and five intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Gallic acid is of significant importance because of its antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. Infrared and Raman spectral studies of gallic acid have been reported.

Gallic acid monohydrate may be used as a standard in the photometric determination of total phenolics content by Folin-Ciocalteu method.

Reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of aliphatic aldehydes; Reagent for the determination of hexosamines in glycosaminoglycans; Incorporated into a new peroxidase color reaction, Reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of traces of selenium (IV) in environmental samples.

(R)-(-)-Mandelic acid, a chiral resolving agent, is also used as a building block to synthesize pharmaceutical drugs such as penicillin and cephalosporin. It can be synthesized from (R,S)-mandelonitrile with high yield and enantioselectivity using nitrilase enzyme.

(R)-(-)-Mandelic acid has been used in studies to assess its ability to undergo spontaneous oscillatory chiral conversion and spontaneous condensation to form polymandelic acid.

Antimitotic agent that disrupts microtubules by binding to tubulin and preventing its polymerization. Stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of tubulin. Induces apoptosis in several normal and tumor cell lines and activates the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway.

N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA·2HCl) acts as donor molecule and forms charge transfer (CT) complexes with π-acceptors (quinol and picric acid), σ-acceptors (iodine) and vacant orbital acceptors (tin(IV) tetrachloride and zinc chloride). These complexes were investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PAL).

N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride has been used for the preparation of staining solution for the visualization of the reaction product(s) of starch active enzymes, containing α-1, 4 linked and α-1, 6 linked glucose by thin layer chromatography. It has also been used in modified Saville and Griess assays.

N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride may be used in the synthesis of 5-[1,2]dithiolan-3-yl-pentanoic acid [2-(naphthalene-1-ylamino)-ethyl]amide (DPAN) by reacting with (±)-1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid in the presence of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide. The solution formed by dissolving N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in sulfuric acid-methanol may be used as a reagent for the detection of sugars at nanoscale on thin-layer plates.

Coupling agent for the spectrophotometric determination of aminophenols, phenylenediamines, dinitroanilines, chloroanilines, thiols, and sulfonamides.

Solution of N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in sulfuric acid-methanol may be employed for the quantitation of sugars.